Boycotting has become a prominent form of expressing consumer opinions in Indonesia. However, our previous study revealed that many consumers are still uncertain about continuing
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As Indonesia navigates through economic uncertainty, consumers are increasingly becoming more strategic and mindful about how they spend their money. Interestingly, in the first part
As sustainability becomes more than just a buzzword, Indonesia is stepping up its transition toward a greener future—especially in transportation. With government-backed initiatives to promote
In 2025, numerous news reports in Indonesia have informed the public that the country is facing a tough economic climate, supported by expert statements and
In an era marked by economic volatility, interest rate hikes, inflation, and global uncertainty, many investors hesitate to expand their real estate portfolios. Yet history
In the first part of this article, our study found that there are only 40% of Indonesians who still often visit shopping centers [1]. Thus,
In 2025, Indonesia’s hotel industry is facing mounting pressure from economic shifts, tighter government policies, and rising operational costs. While large-scale layoffs have not yet